unit 6 课文翻译
PassageA
喜好足球有利健康吗?
——为何球迷了解真相
当球队取胜时，铁杆球迷会开心到极点；而当球队失败时，他们又会极度低迷。科学研究发现，对一支球队的喜欢在情感上可能与真的恋爱一样强烈，而且球队之间的碰撞具备角斗士般的影响力。
这到底是什么问题呢?为何热情的球迷在观看比赛的时候会产生荷尔蒙的起伏与其他的心理变化?为何球迷的自尊心会伴随胜利而高涨，伴随失败而低落，有时还会干扰到他们将来很久的生活?大家为何会对球队形成这样深厚的情结?而这样痴心地全力支持一支球队对你的健康是好还是坏?当你找到答案时或许会大吃一惊。
球迷的性格特点
心理学家常常将铁杆球迷描绘成寂寞而又不适应环境的人，他们通过对一只球队的认可来寻求自我。但一项研究却得出了相反的结论。这项研究显示，与那些从来不看当天比赛的大家相比，足球迷们所经受的沮丧和麻木要小。铁杆球迷还会显示与球队狂热的牢不可破的联系。这种球迷心理的根源或许可以追朔到原始时期。那时，为保护他们部落而战的武士是他们种族的真的的代表。在现代道理依旧这样，职业运动员是一个城市或国家的武士，打的是足球场上发动的遵守规则的战争。
一场战争
球场上的对抗是激烈的。从这方面看，大家的体育英雄就是大家的斗士。足球比赛，特别是在角逐对手之间，并非一种轻松的运动技艺的展示。你自己会在情感上介入比赛的结果，由于你所全力支持的球队代表着你。所以，职业足球选手好像能对一些球迷再现当年部落战争对他们的祖先所产生的那种紧张情绪。甚至可以说，正是这种情绪在过去的20年中，加快了大家迷恋体育运动的狂热化。
代理人身份
因此，通过足球比赛，你或许会得到你的对手的尊重，虽然只不过间接的感受。这就意味着，你可能遭到十分敬重，但这不是由于你一个人的收获，而是由于你与获胜的球队有联系。再者，假如你想，你还可以将自己与某个球技精湛的足球队员相联系，如中场队员大卫·贝克汉姆，边锋来恩·吉格斯，与前锋铁瑞·亨利等。当然，那种关联可能是不结实的。爱炫耀的体育迷在称赞他们球队的胜利时总爱说“大家赢了”,但却与自己球队的失败维持距离，而说“他们输了”。
善始善终
很多研究发现，那些“高度投入”的球迷——无论男女——不大可能在球队表现不佳时背离球队。凡读过尼克?霍恩比的《极度开心》的人都了解，阿森纳的足球迷正是这样。不只这样，他们还把他们球队的失利归咎于裁判不公或球运不佳，而不说阿森纳足球队的差错或其对手的技艺。因此，这类狂热的球迷对比赛高度亢奋并花费更多的资金购买球票和会所的产品，这一点就不足为怪了。
睾丸激素影响大吗?
球队获胜后男士球迷的睾丸激素含量会显著上升，而在失利后显著降低。这种特质在为争夺雌性而战的雄性动物身上也得到了验证。生物学家觉得，人类可能已演化了这一办法来尽快结束冲突。若是如此，它就为大赛后的足球流氓行为提供了一个有趣的生物学讲解。科学验证了这一理论。在1994年的亚特兰大世界杯赛中，分别在巴西队战胜意大利队之前和之后对21名意大利人和巴西人的睾丸激素含量进行了测试。结果，赛后巴西人的睾丸激素上升了28%,而意大利人的睾丸激素却降低了27%。
作为球迷会损害健康吗?
是的，甚至是致命的。在罚点球时的紧张心情或许会触发男球迷的心脏病发作和中风。96年的欧洲杯赛中，当荷兰队输给法国队时的当天，因心脏病发作及中风而死亡的人数提升了50%。
团体特点
作一名热情的球迷可能只不过期望是某一团体或组织——这是一种过去被宗教和政治所满足的一种需要。这可以讲解为何一些球迷面对球队的不断地失利依旧义无反顾地忠诚于他们的球队。在比赛中，你周围的人群可以激起你很大的热情，而且你可以通过挥舞帽子和围巾、墨西哥式的人浪与歌唱，来表明你只是这一群体。而且，你是这一群体的一员，在这里从不问问题，没必要讲解，并且一直有人支持你。伴随宗教和家庭等很多传统体系的开始分解，足球人群就成了完美的家庭。
较健康的面貌?
在大部分场所下，深深地依恋于某一球队是有益的。多项研究表明，对某一球队所产生的强烈兴趣可以忘却沮丧，并可培养自己价值和归属感。这一点合适于所有些热情体育迷。全部人类——包含足球迷——都有这种最基本的心理需要：归属感。没了宗教，没了家庭，需要要有→种新东西来满足这一需要。今天，盖过所有其他运动项目的足球，填补了这一至关要紧的空缺。
Passage B
男性工作有益于健康
或许，你只有30岁——或者40岁，50岁—而且已经在想象着要退休。你已拥有,而且目前仅有些问题是什么时间退休。什么时间是全身心地投入到高尔夫球的最好机会?
可能这是一个可怕的念头，特别是对那些工作不是为了养家糊口的人来讲。而且种种时尚病学剖析早已得出结论：较早退休的人并不比那些工作到老的人寿命长。倘若有机会整天除去娱乐活动别无他事，大家就会遇见麻烦——被高尔夫球击中头部，喝酒过多掉下渔船，诸这样类的事情。
什么事情使得大家过多地离得远远的妇女的关爱世界都不利于大家的健康。这并非说工作不会带给大家有害的影响。男性是90%以上的与工作有关的事故的受害者。高度角逐的本能也驱使大家在事业上求得进步，而一级一级的往上爬也会使人紧张。任何稍微超越大家的能力的工作都会引起紧张，随着而来的是高血压，免疫力降低，心血管疾病的患病机率的增加。但，养育孩子也紧张。失业真的非常紧张。度假也会紧张。在米兰开汽车更是一场恶梦。
问题在于，看看那幅图画，无论想与否，不工作总比工作更糟糕。这一点一直是对的，但目前伴随性别角色的变化，这一常理也有的很难讲解了。
成功的回报
工作对男性有利——特别是条件适合时更是这样。比如——当然这并不合适那些社会平等主义者——娶了一位“家庭主妇型”老婆的男性有更大的可能在事业上不断得到提拔。这是《康纳尔大学退休和康乐研究》得出的结论，这份研究同时也发现反之亦然：男性娶了有全职工作的老婆，其事业也愈加可能走下坡路。从其他的资料中大家获悉，一位成功的和有收获的男性是健康和欢乐的人。
近来苏格兰有一份研究也表明，性别角色的变化对男性工作生涯有影响。研究职员指出，有全职和兼职工作的妇女性数的增加，非常可能与自杀和心情抑郁的男性数目的不断增加有间接关系，至少在英伦诸岛是这样。对于男性来讲，失去作为家庭唯一供养者的地位，与意识到丧失了社会地位，可能是抑郁症的危险原因。
家庭生活也会干扰到男性从工作中获得的利益。有了孩子将来，尤其是有了一个男生之后，美国男性的工作时间就要延长。
华盛顿大学的心理学家和经济学教授谢里·兰贝尔说，“大家只能猜测，有了一个儿子对男性来讲增添了婚姻和家庭的价值。”他依据“美国收入动因的访问调查”的数据，发现第一个儿子的出生会致使男性平均每年增加了84小时的工作时间——等于增加了两个星期的工作。有了女儿之后男性只增加了31小时的工作。他们还发现了一种“爸爸奖励”,使得男性每生一个孩子都会增加强约5%的小时薪资。
退休
研究一再表明，一个在职的有家室的男性的可支配收入越多，则越幸福，越健康。
还不相信?研究退休的大家的一些发现，进一步说明了不要退休的原因。第一，刚退休的男性比没退休的男性会遇见更多的家庭冲突。你的夫人会非常紧张地担忧你是不是被高尔夫球击中头部，或者喝酒过量溺水飘在海上。好消息是你还可以重新获得退休而产生的损失——重新回去工作。康纳尔大学心理学家荣格默恩·科·基默和菲莉斯·摩恩发现，退休的男性一旦决定重新工作时，他们又重获得新生。
基默觉得，“退休后再就职对他们的心理健康有好处。”那些退休后又重新工作的大家感觉士气高昂，极少有沮丧的心情。而那些退休后没重新工作的男性们则感觉精神消沉，心情极其沮丧。
他们对534名已婚的在50岁和74岁之间的男性和妇女的研究发现，工作情况对精神和抑郁的影响是不分年龄、收入和健康的。
因此，加劲干吧，朋友，并且设法一直干到你躺下为止。延年益寿的药方之一就是工作。
unit 6 习题答案
Lead-in
1)serious
2)involves
3)several
4)changes
5)families
6)means
7)painful
8)Get a medical checkup to rule out any other illness that might be causing signs of depression.
9)Go to the government services pages and look for"health clinics"or"community health centers"
Communicative Tasks
Task 1
Open
10)There are two common types of treatment for depression:medic ine and "talk"therapy.
1.Yes,just before collge entrance examination,I was depressed.Everyone was preparing for the last shot,thus somestudents behaved quite strange.They didn't talk to each other,even when one was good-willed.My desk-mate is oneof they.It affectedme a lot.At that time,Ifelt I was isolated,and had no one to talk to.
2.I feel quite nervous.My heart beats faster than usual.
3.First,take a deep breathe and try to calm down Then find a person to talk to.You can tak to your parents,or your bestfriends or just anyone.It is better to speak it out rather than hold it in.
Task 2
I agree with that “happy is he who is content”.The reason are as follows.First,those who is content can easiy find athing making them happy no matter how trivialit is.On the country,the greedy one always think it is difficult toachieve their goals,let alone great pressure.Second if a person is content,he can start to put his efforts to his next targetwhen the last one has meet his need.Step by step,he can make great progress.Third,as the saying goes,“A goodattitude is half of success",those who is content will keep positive attitudes and that will lead them to success.
PassageA
Think about It
1.Die-hard football fans are too enthusiastic for everything related to football.
2.Open.
3.I think football fans should display their enthusiasm in a proper way.
2.Scan the passage and ty to list the arguments of the author in Column I to prove whether it is healthy to be afootball supporter,and the paragraph number in Column II.Thefirst argument for"YES"is listed as an example.Yes,Several studies show that an intense interest in a team can stave off depression and foster feelings of self-worthand belonging.Para.11.
No,The tension felt by football fans during penalty shoot-outs can trigger heart attacks and strokes in male spectators.
Para.9.
3.Answer the following questions or complete the statements in the fewest possiblethe passage.
words with information from
1.Lonely misfits searching for self-esteem by identifying with a team.
2.They suffer fewer bouts of depressions and alienation.
3.Because their attitude towards theirteam depend on whether the team wins or not.
4.on their team's mistakes or the other team's skill
5.Yes,in most cases.
4.Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word.
1.portrayed
2.revealed
3.depression
4.game
5.admiration
6.connection
7.uninterested
8.loyal
9.including
10.psychological
5.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.
1.achievement
2.self-esteem
3.primitive
4.aroused
5.identified
6.confrontation
7.reveal
8.soaring
9.abandoned
10.professional
6.Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage.Change the form where necessary.
1.through thick and thin
2.root for
3.backed up
4.belonged to
5.staveoff
7.The folowing words occur in Passage A.Find 5 pairs of near synonyms and 2 pairs of near antonyms,and write themdown.
Synonyms:
1.conflict;clash
2.mental;psychological
3.feeling sad;depression
4.self-esteem;self-worth
5.back up;support
Antonyms:
1.light-hearted;intense
2.helpful;harmful
8.Translate the following sentences into English.
1.She portrays her childhood as a time of wonder and discovery.
2.Experiments showed that nonsmokers committed fewer errors than smokers.
3.Football fans are often highly regarded not for their own achievement,but through their connection to a team thatwins.
4.Despite the actors'wonderfulacting,the three hour movie could not hold our attention.
5.ProfessorWang is the only doctor I can rely on to save my son.
9.Read and compare the English sentences,paying attention to the italicized parts and translate the Chinese sentences bysimulating the structure of the English sentences.
1.We hit the heights when we knew that some people survived the flood and reach the depths of despair when we cannot find those missing students.
2.The chance wewin the game is fewer than those who do training regularly.
3.We do everything not to gain fame or fortune,but to give more people hope.
4.He blamed his terrible performance in schoolon his poor family,rather than his sloth.
5.An difficulty college students face is how to apply acquired knowledge to practice.
Write a short passage of 120 words or so on the TOPic "Sports and Psychological Health."
Sports and Psychological Health
Sports are good for our health.Especially they can be of great value to our psychological health.First of all peoplewho are taking athletics feel more confident in their abilities.Because they are in control of their own actions.Secondsports give people the chance to be more self-reliant and to be able to achieve their goals.It needs not only physical skilland strength but also courage,enthusiasm,and more often team work.These qualities will certanly influence people'scharacter.Third,sports can free us from work stress and tire.It is a good opportunity to relax.In conclusion,sports are ofgreat value to our psychological health.
Passage B
Think about It
1.A healthy person is the one who are healthy both physically and psychologically,
2.Sometimes,pressure comes from ambitions and misunderstanding of life.For example,in order to be the best in acompany,some people struggle to do at their best.
3.Yes,I think so.The achievement and social status brought by work can make a man feel happier.
12.Choose the best answer to each question with information from the passage.
1.C
2.D
3.B
4.B
5.A
13.Answer the following questions with information from the passage.
1.You're only 30-year-old—or maybe even 40 or 50—and are already fantasizing about retiring.
2.We get in trouble—get beaned by a shanked gof ball fall off a fishing boat after a beer,too many,that kind ofthing.
3.Men are the victims of more than 90 perc ent of all job-related accidents.Our highly competitive instincts alsopropel us to advance in our professions and climbing the ladder can be stressful.
4.Raising children is stressful Unemployment is really stressful Vacations can bestressful.Driving in Milan is evena nightmare.
5.Men married to women who work full-time are more likely to have downwardly mobile careers.
6.Open.An old gentleman I know who used to be an engineer.After retirement,he just stayed at home and his healthbecame worse and worse.Then,he decided to work as a volunteer in the community.After that,he felt that hebecame energetic like a young man.
Language Focus
14.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.
1.victim
2.depress
3.devote
4.concluded
5.beneficial
6.recreational
7.propelled
8.financial
9.nothing
10.regardless
15.Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage.Change the form where necessary.
1.along with
2.agree with
3.in terms of
4.go back to
5.be responsible for
16.Each of the verbs and nouns in the following lists occurs in Passage B.Choose the noun that you think collocateswith the verb and write it down in the blank.
1.children
2.wages
3.conflict
4.an opportunity
5.a ladder
6.stress
7.value/roles
17.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
心理健康与幸福不应该与你是不是有精神或情感混乱问题相混淆。幸福的研究是关于普通的个人对幸福的感受，与大众对幸福的理解。当大家谈到心理健康时，大家指的是普通人在日常过得如何。换言之，假如你感觉悲伤，也并未必意味着你患有精神疾病。心理健康是你怎么样处置幸福，怎么样回话幸福，与你是不是感觉生活很有趣、让人愉悦。
18.Read the following paragraph and choose the best answer to each question.The questions require that you reach aconclusion based onyour reading of the passage.
1.B
2.D
3.C
19.Translate thefollowing sentences into Chinese,paying special attention to the underlined parts.
1.申请表务必在截止日期之前寄回。
2.这个男性信誓旦旦说的话遭到了其他几位证人的反驳。
3.在玩具历史上值得注意的不是几百年来玩具发生了多少变化，而是玩具备多少地方还维持不变。
4.据报道，大部分被收留的孩子都想了解他们的亲生爸爸妈妈是哪个。
5.这就是为何老师常常鼓励学生尽快用词典，看重文字内容而非技术能力是什么原因。
6.一天当中你感到精力最充沛的时候，也是你的体温处于周期最高峰的时候。
7.事实是能源危机已经随着大家很久了，并且还将随着大家更长期。
8.这就是为何甚至有人建议应该完全取消现有些限速规范是什么原因。
9.请问大家如何才能在最短的时间内赶到机场?
10.你了解我在哪儿能买到尺码比这更大的衬衣吗?
20.Write an essay based on the graph below.The suggested title is:Car Accidents Declining in Chongqing City.
Rememberthat your composition must be written according to the follow ing loutline:
Car Accidents Declining in Chongqin City
According to the graph,we can see that the number of car accidents in Chongqin city fluctuates considerably in
2011.The first three months of this year shows a rising trend and the number of car accidents moves from 22 in Januaryto 32 in March.Then there is a steady decline during the folowing three months.But after that,another sharp increaseappears with the car accidents climbing to 40 in August.The next three months sees a better situation,with the caraccidents decreasing to the minimum of 16 in November.
Weather and road condition can account for the fluctuates in the graph.Because of the muddy and slippery roads inearly spring,the accidents reach the peak in March.However,another peak in August is associated with drowsy andimpatient drivers in the hot and humid summer.Therefore,good weather condition and improved driving conditions maycontribute to the decline of car accidents in autumn and winter.
based on this graph we can predict that the following year would have the similar fluctuates in the car accidents.Ofcourse,with all the efforts,we can expect lower car accidents next year.
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